Although some unique, pandemic-related economic factors have contributed to the current state of the real estate market, some of the largest structural factors driving the current market are generational.
Baby boomers—those born between 1946 and 1964—are increasingly choosing to age in place as they reach retirement. Simultaneously, millennials, who were born between 1981 and 1996, are now America’s largest generational cohort and at a peak age for buying a first or second home. Together, these forces mean that more buyers are competing for fewer homes. And according to Freddie Mac, the supply of homes for sale was already at a record low prior to the pandemic.
Despite the residential real estate market showing signs of cooling off after a historic runup during the COVID-19 pandemic, finding a home remains challenging for many buyers. Intense competition and rising prices have made it especially difficult for young, first-time homebuyers to make a purchase.
The real estate cool-off is also evidenced by changing home purchase loan volume. The total number of conventional home loans originated in 2022 was down across all age groups from the year prior. Among all age cohorts, 65–74 year-olds experienced the largest percentage decline, decreasing by 22.3%. However, younger homebuyers saw smaller decreases in home purchase volume. Notably, the under-25 age group only experienced a 12.3% decline, the smallest of all cohorts and a sign of persistent housing demand from younger generations despite economic headwinds.
Even prior to 2022, homeownership interest has been increasing among young buyers in recent years. The homeownership rate for adults under 25 reached 25.7% in 2020, matching a previous peak from the height of the housing bubble in 2005. Although that figure dipped slightly in 2021, the under-25 homeownership rate sat at 25.4% in 2022, well above rates seen in the 1980s and 1990s.
For young adults interested in homeownership, some geographic locations prove more favorable than others. Many of the states with the highest shares of home purchase loans from adults under age 25 are found in the Midwest, led by Iowa at 11.5%. The Midwest tends to have lower home prices, which makes home purchases more attainable for younger homebuyers who often have less home equity built up than their older counterparts. The same trend holds at the local level, with many of the top metropolitan areas for young homeowners also found in the affordable Midwest.
In contrast, high-cost coastal states including Hawaii (1.6%) and California (1.9%) have much lower shares of home purchase loans from young adults. In these areas, would-be young homebuyers face more expensive homes and higher living costs, creating a higher barrier to entry in these real estate markets.
Below is a complete breakdown of the under-25 share of home purchase loans across more than 350 metropolitan areas (grouped by size) and all 50 states. The analysis was conducted by researchers at Construction Coverage, a website that provides construction insurance guides, using data from the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council. For more information, refer to the methodology section.
Here are the U.S. metropolitan areas with the most homebuyers under 25.
Large Metros With the Most Homebuyers Under 25
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15. Milwaukee-Waukesha, WI
- Under-25 share of home purchase loans: 5.5%
- Total under-25 home purchase loans: 905
- Median loan amount: $205,000
- Median loan-to-value ratio: 90.5%
- Median interest rate: 5.125%
Photo Credit: Jacob Withey / Shutterstock
14. Rochester, NY
- Under-25 share of home purchase loans: 5.6%
- Total under-25 home purchase loans: 504
- Median loan amount: $155,000
- Median loan-to-value ratio: 90.7%
- Median interest rate: 5.250%
Photo Credit: Sean Pavone / Shutterstock
13. Kansas City, MO-KS
- Under-25 share of home purchase loans: 5.7%
- Total under-25 home purchase loans: 1,421
- Median loan amount: $195,000
- Median loan-to-value ratio: 93.5%
- Median interest rate: 5.250%
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12. Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI
- Under-25 share of home purchase loans: 5.8%
- Total under-25 home purchase loans: 2,718
- Median loan amount: $255,000
- Median loan-to-value ratio: 93.4%
- Median interest rate: 5.250%
Photo Credit: photo.ua / Shutterstock
11. Salt Lake City, UT
- Under-25 share of home purchase loans: 5.9%
- Total under-25 home purchase loans: 808
- Median loan amount: $375,000
- Median loan-to-value ratio: 90.5%
- Median interest rate: 5.285%
Photo Credit: f11photo / Shutterstock
10. Pittsburgh, PA
- Under-25 share of home purchase loans: 5.9%
- Total under-25 home purchase loans: 1,226
- Median loan amount: $155,000
- Median loan-to-value ratio: 92.6%
- Median interest rate: 5.125%
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9. Buffalo-Cheektowaga, NY
- Under-25 share of home purchase loans: 6.0%
- Total under-25 home purchase loans: 547
- Median loan amount: $165,000
- Median loan-to-value ratio: 91.1%
- Median interest rate: 5.000%
Photo Credit: Sean Pavone / Shutterstock
8. Cleveland-Elyria, OH
- Under-25 share of home purchase loans: 6.0%
- Total under-25 home purchase loans: 1,203
- Median loan amount: $155,000
- Median loan-to-value ratio: 91.8%
- Median interest rate: 5.250%
Photo Credit: Sean Pavone / Shutterstock
7. Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson, IN
- Under-25 share of home purchase loans: 6.2%
- Total under-25 home purchase loans: 1,666
- Median loan amount: $195,000
- Median loan-to-value ratio: 93.5%
- Median interest rate: 5.490%
Photo Credit: Sean Pavone / Shutterstock
6. Birmingham-Hoover, AL
- Under-25 share of home purchase loans: 6.3%
- Total under-25 home purchase loans: 731
- Median loan amount: $185,000
- Median loan-to-value ratio: 93.5%
- Median interest rate: 5.375%
Photo Credit: f11photo / Shutterstock
5. St. Louis, MO-IL
- Under-25 share of home purchase loans: 6.3%
- Total under-25 home purchase loans: 1,861
- Median loan amount: $165,000
- Median loan-to-value ratio: 92.6%
- Median interest rate: 5.375%
Photo Credit: Ivan Cholakov / Shutterstock
4. Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI
- Under-25 share of home purchase loans: 6.7%
- Total under-25 home purchase loans: 2,829
- Median loan amount: $175,000
- Median loan-to-value ratio: 93.1%
- Median interest rate: 5.375%
Photo Credit: Agnieszka Gaul / Shutterstock
3. Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN
- Under-25 share of home purchase loans: 7.2%
- Total under-25 home purchase loans: 1,737
- Median loan amount: $175,000
- Median loan-to-value ratio: 92.6%
- Median interest rate: 5.250%
Photo Credit: Henryk Sadura / Shutterstock
2. Grand Rapids-Kentwood, MI
- Under-25 share of home purchase loans: 7.9%
- Total under-25 home purchase loans: 998
- Median loan amount: $205,000
- Median loan-to-value ratio: 92.7%
- Median interest rate: 5.375%
Photo Credit: Harold Stiver / Shutterstock
1. Louisville/Jefferson County, KY-IN
- Under-25 share of home purchase loans: 7.9%
- Total under-25 home purchase loans: 1,116
- Median loan amount: $175,000
- Median loan-to-value ratio: 93.5%
- Median interest rate: 5.125%
Detailed Findings & Methodology
The data used in this analysis is from the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council’s 2022 Home Mortgage Disclosure Act. To determine the locations with the most homebuyers under 25, researchers at Construction Coverage calculated the share of all home purchase loans taken out by applicants under 25 years old. Only conventional home purchase loans originated in 2022 were considered for this analysis. In the event of a tie, the location with the greater total number of home purchase loans by applicants under 25 was ranked higher. To improve relevance, only metropolitan areas with at least 100,000 residents were included. Additionally, metros were grouped into cohorts based on population size: small (100,000–349,999), midsize (350,000–999,999), and large (1,000,000 or more).
For complete results, see Cities With the Most Homebuyers Under 25 on Construction Coverage.
